China: Languages \u200b\u200band ethnic groups
Putonghua (Mandarin) and
yue (Cantonese) share writing because written Chinese characters are taught universally. Photo of James L. Stanfield China's controversial policy regarding family planning encourages all Chinese families have only one child, but most minority groups are exempt from this policy. According to the National Department of Statistics, in 2002 China's minority ethnic groups grew 16.7%, which implies an increase of fifteen million twenty-three thousand people. Most of the Han population grew 11.22%, ie one hundred and sixteen million ninety-two thousand people.
Photo by Jodi Cobb During the imperial period of China, the bureaucrats developed a standardized wenyan official language, which was only used by bureaucrats and not by the general population.
However, wenyan language was used in the literature until 1917, when Hu Shi, Chinese philosopher and writer, proposed that the vernacular language replaced Paihuén wenyan in written communication. Today
used occasionally. The national anthem of the People's Republic of China is written in wenyan and students planning to attend college should learn the language, since the present examinations, may have to translate or interpret a text in the traditional language.
Photo of James P. Blair
The sherpas are one of the 63 ethnic groups that have not been officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Its name comes from the Nepalese word meaning inhabitant. In the Tibetan language
shyar
means East and ba, a resident. The shyarba derived from the sherpas and their culture is different from Tibetans, although they also practice Buddhism and many of its traditions recognize the role of the Dalai Lama. The sherpas live mainly in Nepal, India and Tibet. They are known for their ability in the mountains, and many work in the mountain tourism in places like Mount Everest and other peaks in the region.
Photo Bruce Dale The Uygurs (or Uyghurs) and Kazakhs living in the remote state of Xinjiang, northwestern China. The Uyhurs are Turkish and speak a language derived from the Turkic family. Although most live in China, there are scattered communities in Pakistan, Kazakhstan and other countries of Central Asia and Europe. The estimated population of Uygur group is 8.4 million people.
Photo of George F. Mobley The Miao ethnic group (or Hmong) is one of the largest in China. They live mainly south of the border which borders Vietnam. After contact with European traders during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Miao group farmers began to cultivate potatoes.
The potatoes were the perfect food for the region for its adaptability, nutrition value and conservation. Miao farmers also began to grow other food from Europe, such as corn and oats, but continued the tradition rice farming and hunting to supplement their diets.
Photo Bruce Dale
Although the majority of China's population belongs to the Han ethnic group, ethnic minorities have dominated the country at various times in its history. The Mongol empire founded the Yuan Dynasty, which lasted from 1271 to 1368. Liao Dynasty, founded by the Khitan people dominated Manchuria, Mongolia and some sites in northern China in 916 to 1125. The Qing Dynasty, the last of China was founded by the Manchu ethnic group and remained in power from 1644 to 1912.
Jodi Photo Cobb During the Cultural Revolution, China's minority ethnic groups endured numerous attacks in their struggle for cultural independence, including laws prohibiting the celebration of traditional festivals, the use of native languages \u200b\u200band traditional practices of agriculture .
The extreme left of the party of Mao denied that China was a multinational country, and stated that indigenous languages \u200b\u200band traditions form part of the "four old men" who had to be removed: old ideas, old culture, old customs and old habits .
new policies were introduced for grazing and planting that ignored local practices, thereby forcing the former pastors of the ethnic groups to learn about planting and growing grain.
Hastings Sindey Photo
Mao was born in 1893 in a peasant family in Hunan province. In 1927, organized around the Lifting of the Autumn Harvest which was quickly suppressed, but Mao went on to become the leader of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
Photo of James L. Stanfield How many languages \u200b\u200bare spoken in China? According
ethnology, there are 235 languages \u200b\u200bin China and only one in Sunset Jurchen, related to the Manchu language, which is still spoken in China.
The Mandarin language is most commonly used worldwide. In 2005, approximately 1 051 million people spoke: the mother tongue of 873 million and 178 million learned it as a second language. Taken http://ngenespanol.com/2008/05/23/los-idiomas-de-china/
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